Reading garnet's signature
In the quest to understand the genesis of oceanic crust, a central observation is that crust formation is not equally vigorous everywhere. In Iceland, where the mid-ocean ridge emerges above sea level, new crust is more than 15 km thick. At the other extreme, some ridges lie beneath 5,000 m of water...
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Published in | Nature (London) Vol. 384; no. 6606; pp. 215 - 217 |
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Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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London
Nature Publishing Group
21.11.1996
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Abstract | In the quest to understand the genesis of oceanic crust, a central observation is that crust formation is not equally vigorous everywhere. In Iceland, where the mid-ocean ridge emerges above sea level, new crust is more than 15 km thick. At the other extreme, some ridges lie beneath 5,000 m of water or more, and have crust less than 4 km thick. Is this variation in crust thickness caused primarily by variation in the temperature of upwelling mantle, or by varying extents of cooling from the surface? And what effects might differences in mantle composition have? Bourdon et al. report the first worldwide compilation of ( super(230)Th)/( super(238)U) ratios for MORB (the parentheses signify abundance multiplied by the nuclide's decay constant). Garnet is the key here--basalts with ( super(230)Th)/( super(238)U) greater than unity require mantle sources that contain garnet, which is stable only in the deeper portions of MORB source regions. Bourdon et al. find that the magnitude of regionally averaged ( super(230)Th)/( super(238)U) is negatively correlated with water depth. This is best explained if the initial depth of melting is greatest for shallow ridges, allowing garnet-melt interaction over a larger part of the melting and melt-transport regime (although this interpretation requires a number of assumptions). As shown, a logical interpretation is the mantle beneath shallow ridges is hotter than that beneath deep ridges, although the data do not rule out some influence from variations in mantle composition. |
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AbstractList | In the quest to understand the genesis of oceanic crust, a central observation is that crust formation is not equally vigorous everywhere. In Iceland, where the mid-ocean ridge emerges above sea level, new crust is more than 15 km thick. At the other extreme, some ridges lie beneath 5,000 m of water or more, and have crust less than 4 km thick. Is this variation in crust thickness caused primarily by variation in the temperature of upwelling mantle, or by varying extents of cooling from the surface? And what effects might differences in mantle composition have? Bourdon et al. report the first worldwide compilation of ( super(230)Th)/( super(238)U) ratios for MORB (the parentheses signify abundance multiplied by the nuclide's decay constant). Garnet is the key here--basalts with ( super(230)Th)/( super(238)U) greater than unity require mantle sources that contain garnet, which is stable only in the deeper portions of MORB source regions. Bourdon et al. find that the magnitude of regionally averaged ( super(230)Th)/( super(238)U) is negatively correlated with water depth. This is best explained if the initial depth of melting is greatest for shallow ridges, allowing garnet-melt interaction over a larger part of the melting and melt-transport regime (although this interpretation requires a number of assumptions). As shown, a logical interpretation is the mantle beneath shallow ridges is hotter than that beneath deep ridges, although the data do not rule out some influence from variations in mantle composition. |
Author | Hirschmann, Marc |
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Cites_doi | 10.1126/science.261.5122.739 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00154-9 10.1029/94JB02768 10.1038/364191a0 10.1016/0031-9201(94)90035-3 10.1016/0012-821X(85)90001-9 10.1038/384231a0 10.1038/364225a0 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00070-2 10.1029/JB092iB08p08089 10.1007/s004100050184 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90155-3 10.1038/363063a0 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90076-1 |
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Title | Reading garnet's signature |
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