Introduction to Plastics Engineering

This book provides a single reference covering the basics of polymer and plastics materials, and their properties, design, processing and applications in a practical way. The book discusses materials engineering through properties formulation, combining part design and processing to produce final pr...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author Shrivastava, Anshuman
Format eBook Book
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier 2018
William Andrew, an imprint of Elsevier
Elsevier Science & Technology Books
William Andrew
Edition1
SeriesPDL handbook series
Subjects
Engineering design
General References
Plastics
Plastics & Rubber
Online AccessGet full text
ISBN9780323395007
0323395007
DOI10.1016/C2014-0-03688-X

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Abstract This book provides a single reference covering the basics of polymer and plastics materials, and their properties, design, processing and applications in a practical way. The book discusses materials engineering through properties formulation, combining part design and processing to produce final products. This book will be a beneficial guide to materials engineers developing new formulations, processing engineers producing those formulations, and design and product engineers seeking to understand the materials and methods for developing new applications. The book incorporates material properties, engineering, processing, design, applications and sustainable and bio based solutions. Ideal for those just entering the industry, or transitioning between sectors, this is a quick, relevant and informative reference guide to plastics engineering and processing for engineers and plastics practitioners.
AbstractList This book provides a single reference covering the basics of polymer and plastics materials, and their properties, design, processing and applications in a practical way. The book discusses materials engineering through properties formulation, combining part design and processing to produce final products. This book will be a beneficial guide to materials engineers developing new formulations, processing engineers producing those formulations, and design and product engineers seeking to understand the materials and methods for developing new applications. The book incorporates material properties, engineering, processing, design, applications and sustainable and bio based solutions. Ideal for those just entering the industry, or transitioning between sectors, this is a quick, relevant and informative reference guide to plastics engineering and processing for engineers and plastics practitioners.
This title provides a single reference covering the basics of polymer and plastics materials, and their properties, design, processing, and applications in a practical way. The book discusses materials engineering through properties formulation, combining part design and processing to produce final products.
Author Shrivastava, Anshuman
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William Andrew, an imprint of Elsevier
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William Andrew
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Snippet This book provides a single reference covering the basics of polymer and plastics materials, and their properties, design, processing and applications in a...
This title provides a single reference covering the basics of polymer and plastics materials, and their properties, design, processing, and applications in a...
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SubjectTerms Engineering design
General References
Plastics
Plastics & Rubber
TableOfContents Title Page Preface Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Plastics Engineering 2. Polymerization 3. Plastic Properties and Testing 4. Additives for Plastics 5. Plastics Processing 6. Plastics Part Design and Application 7. Environmental Aspects of Plastics Index
Front Cover -- Introduction to Plastics Engineering -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction to Plastics Engineering -- 1.1 Introduction to Plastics -- 1.2 Plastics Engineering -- 1.3 Concept of Macromolecules and Polymers -- 1.4 Sources of Polymers -- 1.4.1 Natural -- 1.4.2 Synthetic -- 1.4.3 Semisynthetic or Regenerated -- 1.5 Thermoplastics and Thermosets -- 1.6 Morphology of Plastics -- 1.6.1 Crystalline Materials -- 1.6.2 Amorphous Polymers -- 1.6.3 Semicrystalline Polymers -- 1.7 Temperature Dependency of Polymers -- 1.7.1 Glass Transition and Melting Temperatures -- 1.7.2 Flexible and Rigid Behavior -- 1.8 Commodity and Engineering Plastics -- 1.9 Regulations -- References -- 2 Polymerization -- 2.1 Introduction to Polymerization -- 2.2 Polymerization Mechanisms -- 2.2.1 Addition or Chain Polymerization -- 2.2.1.1 Free Radical Polymerization -- Chain Initiation -- Chain Propagation -- Chain Termination -- 2.2.1.2 Ionic Polymerization -- 2.2.1.3 Coordination Polymerization -- 2.2.2 Condensation or Step-Growth Polymerization -- 2.2.3 Ring-Opening Polymerization -- 2.2.4 Other Mechanisms -- 2.2.4.1 Chain Transfer -- 2.2.4.2 Plasma Polymerization -- 2.3 Polymer Structure -- 2.3.1 Linear, Branched, and Crosslinked Polymers -- 2.3.1.1 Linear Polymers -- 2.3.1.2 Branched Polymers -- 2.3.1.3 Crosslinked Polymers -- 2.3.2 Copolymer Arrangements -- 2.3.3 Elastomers -- 2.3.4 Stereochemistry and Tacticity -- 2.3.4.1 Conformation -- 2.3.4.2 Configuration -- 2.4 Molecular Weight -- 2.4.1 Number Average Molecular Weight -- 2.4.2 Weight Average Molecular Weight -- 2.4.3 Viscosity Average Molecular Weight -- 2.4.4 Z-Average Molecular Weight -- 2.4.5 Polydispersity Index -- 2.5 Degree of Polymerization -- 2.6 Nomenclature -- 2.6.1 Source-Based Nomenclature -- 2.6.2 Structure-Based Nomenclature
5.3.2 Gas-Assisted Injection Molding -- 5.4 Blow Molding -- 5.4.1 Extrusion Blow Molding -- 5.4.2 Injection Blow Molding -- 5.4.3 Stretch Blow Molding -- 5.5 Compression Molding -- 5.6 Transfer Molding -- 5.7 Rotational Molding -- 5.8 Thermoforming -- 5.9 Calendering -- 5.10 Coating -- 5.11 Foaming -- 5.11.1 Microcellular Foaming -- 5.12 Pultrusion -- 5.13 Process Monitoring -- 5.14 Rapid Prototyping -- References -- Further Reading -- 6 Plastics Part Design and Application -- 6.1 Plastics Part Designing Process -- 6.2 Safety Factor -- 6.3 Material Selection -- 6.3.1 Material Properties -- 6.4 Process Selection -- 6.4.1 Processing Properties of Materials -- 6.5 Structural Design -- 6.5.1 Design for Stiffness -- 6.5.2 Design for Strength -- 6.6 Designing for Assembly of Plastic Parts -- 6.6.1 Joining of Plastics Components -- 6.6.2 Mechanical Fasteners -- 6.6.2.1 Press Fits -- 6.6.2.2 Snap Fits -- 6.6.2.3 Hinges -- 6.6.3 Bonding -- 6.6.3.1 Adhesive Bond Failure -- 6.6.4 Welding -- 6.6.4.1 External Heating -- 6.6.4.2 Internal Heating -- 6.6.4.3 Implant Heating -- 6.6.5 Plastic Assembly Method Selection -- 6.7 Finishing -- 6.8 Prototyping -- 6.8.1 Prototype Parts -- 6.8.2 Rapid Tooling -- References -- 7 Environmental Aspects of Plastics -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Weathering of Plastics -- 7.2.1 Physical Effects of Weathering on Plastic Parts -- 7.2.2 Chemical Effects of Weathering on Plastic Parts -- 7.2.2.1 UV Degradation of Polymeric Materials -- 7.2.2.2 UV Stabilization of Plastic Materials -- UV Absorbers -- Hindered Amine Stabilizers -- Antioxidants -- Inorganic Screeners -- Acid Scavengers -- Quencher -- 7.3 Accelerated Weathering Testing -- 7.4 Environment Toll of Using Plastics -- 7.4.1 Plastics Consumption -- 7.4.1.1 Raw Materials -- 7.4.1.2 Energy Efficiency With Plastics -- 7.4.2 Plastic Recycling and Landfills
2.6.3 Trade Names, Brand Names, and Abbreviation -- References -- Further Reading -- 3 Plastic Properties and Testing -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Identification of Polymers -- 3.2.1 Screening Test for Common Household Plastics -- 3.2.2 Composition Identification Through Spectroscopy -- 3.3 Physical Properties -- 3.3.1 Density -- 3.3.1.1 Bulk Density -- 3.3.1.2 Solid Density -- 3.3.1.3 Melt Density -- 3.3.2 Particle Size -- 3.3.3 Ash Content -- 3.4 Mechanical Properties -- 3.4.1 Stress, Strain, and Deformation -- 3.4.1.1 Tensile Testing -- 3.4.1.2 Compressive Testing -- 3.4.1.3 Flexural Testing -- 3.4.1.4 Toughness or Impact Resistance of Plastics -- 3.4.2 Creep and Stress Relaxation -- 3.4.2.1 Creep -- 3.4.2.2 Stress Relaxation -- Dynamic mechanical analysis -- 3.5 Friction and Wear Resistance -- 3.5.1 Friction -- 3.5.2 Wear Resistance -- 3.6 Polymer Rheology -- 3.6.1 Viscosity -- 3.6.1.1 Melt Index -- 3.6.1.2 Capillary Rheometry -- 3.6.1.3 Dilute Solution Viscometry -- 3.7 Thermal Behavior -- 3.7.1 Heat Capacity or Specific Heat -- 3.7.2 Thermal Expansion/Contraction -- 3.7.3 Working Temperatures -- 3.7.3.1 Minimum Service Temperature (Tmin) -- 3.7.3.2 Continuous Use Temperature -- 3.7.3.3 Deflection Temperature Under Load or Heat Distortion Temperatures -- 3.7.3.4 Vicat Softening Point -- 3.7.4 Thermal Conductivity -- 3.8 Flammability, UL94 -- 3.8.1 Limiting Oxygen Index -- 3.8.2 Autoignition Temperatures -- 3.9 Chemical Properties -- 3.9.1 Chemical Resistance -- 3.9.2 Solubility -- 3.9.3 Permeability -- 3.10 Electrical Properties -- 3.10.1 Dielectric Constant and Dissipation Factor -- 3.10.2 Dielectric Strength -- 3.10.3 Surface and Volume Resistivity -- 3.11 Optical Properties -- 3.11.1 Refractive Index -- 3.11.2 Color -- 3.11.3 Gloss -- 3.11.4 Haze -- 3.11.5 Yellow Index -- 3.11.6 Birefringence -- 3.12 Acoustics -- 3.12.1 Sound Absorption
3.12.2 Sound Reflection -- 3.13 Radiation Resistance -- 3.14 Effect of Processing on Properties -- 3.14.1 Processing Temperatures -- 3.14.2 Residence Time -- 3.14.3 Shear -- 3.14.4 Drying Temperatures -- 3.14.5 Equipment Condition -- 3.15 List of Testing Standards (ASTM and ISO) -- References -- Further Reading -- 4 Additives for Plastics -- 4.1 Fillers and Reinforcements -- 4.1.1 Cost Reduction -- 4.1.2 Filler Terminology -- 4.1.3 Surface Treatments of Fillers -- 4.1.4 Specific Fillers -- 4.1.4.1 Mineral Fillers -- 4.1.4.2 Glass Fibers -- 4.1.4.3 Carbon-Based Fillers -- 4.1.4.4 Natural/Agro Material Plastics Composite -- 4.1.4.5 Recycled Rubber -- 4.1.4.6 Metallic Fillers -- 4.1.5 Nanofillers -- 4.2 Property Modifiers -- 4.2.1 Plasticizers -- 4.2.2 Impact Modifiers -- 4.2.3 Colorants -- 4.2.4 Optical Brighteners -- 4.2.5 Nucleating and Clarifying Agents -- 4.2.6 Antifogging Agents -- 4.2.7 Antimicrobials and Biocides -- 4.2.8 Antioxidants and Light Stabilizers -- 4.2.9 Odorants -- 4.2.10 Adhesion Promoters and Coupling Agents -- 4.2.11 Hydrolysis Resistant and Acid Scavengers -- 4.2.12 Metal Deactivators -- 4.2.13 Coatings and Surface Improvers -- 4.2.13.1 Staining Resistance -- 4.2.13.2 Antiblocking Agents -- 4.2.13.3 Abrasion and Scratch Resistant Additives -- 4.2.14 Curing and Crosslinking Agents -- 4.2.15 Flame Retardants -- 4.2.16 Conductive Fillers -- 4.3 Processing Aids -- 4.3.1 Lubricating Additives -- 4.3.2 Slip Agents -- 4.3.3 Acid Scavengers -- 4.3.4 Blowing Agents -- 4.4 Polymer Blends -- 4.4.1 Miscible and Nonmiscible Blends -- 4.5 Legislation and Testing -- 4.6 Global Market Projection -- References -- Further Reading -- 5 Plastics Processing -- 5.1 Material Processing -- 5.2 Extrusion -- 5.2.1 Single and Twin Screw Extruders -- 5.2.2 Extrusion Dies -- 5.3 Injection Molding -- 5.3.1 Reaction Injection Molding
7.4.2.1 Recycling of Plastics -- 7.4.2.2 Landfills and Plastic Litter -- 7.4.2.3 Environmental Laws -- References -- Index -- Back Cover
Title Introduction to Plastics Engineering
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