A Beginners Guide to Python 3 Programming

• Main Author: Hunt, John
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer Nature 2019; Springer International Publishing AG; Springer International Publishing; Springer
• Edition: 1
• Series: Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science
• Subjects: Computer programming, programs, data; Computer Science; Database Management; Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters; Python; Python (Computer program language)

This textbook on Python 3 explains concepts such as variables and what they represent, how data is held in memory, how a for loop works and what a string is. It also introduces key concepts such as functions, modules and packages as well as object orientation and functional programming. Each section...

Table of Contents:

• Intro -- Preface -- Chapter Organization -- What You Need -- Using an IDE -- Downloading the PyCharm IDE -- Setting Up the IDE -- Conventions -- Example Code and Sample Solutions -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 What Is Python? -- 1.2 Python Versions -- 1.3 Python Programming -- 1.4 Python Libraries -- 1.5 Python Execution Model -- 1.6 Running Python Programs -- 1.6.1 Interactively Using the Python Interpreter -- 1.6.2 Running a Python File -- 1.6.3 Executing a Python Script -- 1.6.4 Using Python in an IDE -- 1.7 Useful Resources -- 2 Setting Up the Python Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Check to See If Python Is Installed -- 2.3 Installing Python on a Windows PC -- 2.4 Setting Up on a Mac -- 2.5 Online Resources -- 3 A First Python Program -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hello World -- 3.3 Interactive Hello World -- 3.4 Variables -- 3.5 Naming Conventions -- 3.6 Assignment Operator -- 3.7 Python Statements -- 3.8 Comments in Code -- 3.9 Scripts Versus Programs -- 3.10 Online Resources -- 3.11 Exercises -- 4 Python Strings -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 What Are Strings? -- 4.3 Representing Strings -- 4.4 What Type Is String -- 4.5 What Can You Do with Strings? -- 4.5.1 String Concatenation -- 4.5.2 Length of a String -- 4.5.3 Accessing a Character -- 4.5.4 Accessing a Subset of Characters -- 4.5.5 Repeating Strings -- 4.5.6 Splitting Strings -- 4.5.7 Counting Strings -- 4.5.8 Replacing Strings -- 4.5.9 Finding Sub Strings -- 4.5.10 Converting Other Types into Strings -- 4.5.11 Comparing Strings -- 4.5.12 Other String Operations -- 4.6 Hints on Strings -- 4.6.1 Python Strings Are Case Sensitive -- 4.6.2 Function/Method Names -- 4.6.3 Function/Method Invocations -- 4.7 String Formatting -- 4.8 String Templates -- 4.9 Online Resources -- 4.10 Exercises -- 5 Numbers, Booleans and None -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Types of Numbers -- 5.3 Integers
• 19 Class Side and Static Behaviour -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Class Side Data -- 19.3 Class Side Methods -- 19.3.1 Why Class-Side Methods? -- 19.4 Static Methods -- 19.5 Hints -- 19.6 Online Resources -- 19.7 Exercises -- 20 Class Inheritance -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 What Is Inheritance? -- 20.3 Terminology Around Inheritance -- 20.4 The Class Object and Inheritance -- 20.5 The Built-in Object Class -- 20.6 Purpose of Subclasses -- 20.7 Overriding Methods -- 20.8 Extending Superclass Methods -- 20.9 Inheritance Oriented Naming Conventions -- 20.10 Python and Multiple Inheritance -- 20.11 Multiple Inheritance Considered Harmful -- 20.12 Summary -- 20.13 Online Resources -- 20.14 Exercises -- 21 Why Bother with Object Orientation? -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 The Procedural Approach -- 21.2.1 Procedures for the Data Structure -- 21.2.2 Packages -- 21.3 Does Object Orientation Do Any Better? -- 21.3.1 Packages Versus Classes -- 21.3.2 Inheritance -- 21.4 Summary -- 22 Operator Overloading -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Operator Overloading -- 22.2.1 Why Have Operator Overloading? -- 22.2.2 Why Not Have Operator Overloading? -- 22.2.3 Implementing Operator Overloading -- 22.3 Numerical Operators -- 22.4 Comparison Operators -- 22.5 Logical Operators -- 22.6 Summary -- 22.7 Online Resources -- 22.8 Exercises -- 23 Python Properties -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.2 Python Attributes -- 23.3 Setter and Getter Style Methods -- 23.4 Public Interface to Properties -- 23.5 More Concise Property Definitions -- 23.6 Online Resources -- 23.7 Exercises -- 24 Error and Exception Handling -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.2 Errors and Exceptions -- 24.3 What Is an Exception? -- 24.4 What Is Exception Handling? -- 24.5 Handling an Exception -- 24.5.1 Accessing the Exception Object -- 24.5.2 Jumping to Exception Handlers -- 24.5.3 Catch Any Exception -- 24.5.4 The Else Clause
• 8.4.6 End of Game Status -- 8.5 The Complete Listing -- 8.6 Hints -- 8.6.1 Initialising Variables -- 8.6.2 Blank Lines Within a Block of Code -- 8.7 Exercises -- 9 Recursion -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Recursive Behaviour -- 9.3 Benefits of Recursion -- 9.4 Recursively Searching a Tree -- 9.5 Recursion in Python -- 9.6 Calculating Factorial Recursively -- 9.7 Disadvantages of Recursion -- 9.8 Online Resources -- 9.9 Exercises -- 10 Introduction to Structured Analysis -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Structured Analysis and Function Identification -- 10.3 Functional Decomposition -- 10.3.1 Functional Decomposition Terminology -- 10.3.2 Functional Decomposition Process -- 10.3.3 Calculator Functional Decomposition Example -- 10.4 Functional Flow -- 10.5 Data Flow Diagrams -- 10.6 Flowcharts -- 10.7 Data Dictionary -- 10.8 Online Resources -- 11 Functions in Python -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What Are Functions? -- 11.3 How Functions Work -- 11.4 Types of Functions -- 11.5 Defining Functions -- 11.5.1 An Example Function -- 11.6 Returning Values from Functions -- 11.7 Docstring -- 11.8 Function Parameters -- 11.8.1 Multiple Parameter Functions -- 11.8.2 Default Parameter Values -- 11.8.3 Named Arguments -- 11.8.4 Arbitrary Arguments -- 11.8.5 Positional and Keyword Arguments -- 11.9 Anonymous Functions -- 11.10 Online Resources -- 11.11 Exercises -- 12 Scope and Lifetime of Variables -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Local Variables -- 12.3 The Global Keyword -- 12.4 Nonlocal Variables -- 12.5 Hints -- 12.6 Online Resources -- 12.7 Exercise -- 13 Implementing a Calculator Using Functions -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 What the Calculator Will Do -- 13.3 Getting Started -- 13.4 The Calculator Operations -- 13.5 Behaviour of the Calculator -- 13.6 Identifying Whether the User Has Finished -- 13.7 Selecting the Operation -- 13.8 Obtaining the Input Numbers
• 24.5.5 The Finally Clause
• 5.3.1 Converting to Ints -- 5.4 Floating Point Numbers -- 5.4.1 Converting to Floats -- 5.4.2 Converting an Input String into a Floating Point Number -- 5.5 Complex Numbers -- 5.6 Boolean Values -- 5.7 Arithmetic Operators -- 5.7.1 Integer Operations -- 5.7.2 Negative Number Integer Division -- 5.7.3 Floating Point Number Operators -- 5.7.4 Integers and Floating Point Operations -- 5.7.5 Complex Number Operators -- 5.8 Assignment Operators -- 5.9 None Value -- 5.10 Online Resources -- 5.11 Exercises -- 5.11.1 General Exercise -- 5.11.2 Convert Kilometres to Miles -- 6 Flow of Control Using If Statements -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Comparison Operators -- 6.3 Logical Operators -- 6.4 The If Statement -- 6.4.1 Working with an If Statement -- 6.4.2 Else in an If Statement -- 6.4.3 The Use of elif -- 6.5 Nesting If Statements -- 6.6 If Expressions -- 6.7 A Note on True and False -- 6.8 Hints -- 6.9 Online Resources -- 6.10 Exercises -- 6.10.1 Check Input Is Positive or Negative -- 6.10.2 Test if a Number Is Odd or Even -- 6.10.3 Kilometres to Miles Converter -- 7 Iteration/Looping -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 While Loop -- 7.3 For Loop -- 7.4 Break Loop Statement -- 7.5 Continue Loop Statement -- 7.6 For Loop with Else -- 7.7 A Note on Loop Variable Naming -- 7.8 Dice Roll Game -- 7.9 Online Resources -- 7.10 Exercises -- 7.10.1 Calculate the Factorial of a Number -- 7.10.2 Print All the Prime Numbers in a Range -- 8 Number Guessing Game -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Setting Up the Program -- 8.2.1 Add a Welcome Message -- 8.2.2 Running the Program -- 8.3 What Will the Program Do? -- 8.4 Creating the Game -- 8.4.1 Generate the Random Number -- 8.4.2 Obtain an Input from the User -- 8.4.3 Check to See If the Player Has Guessed the Number -- 8.4.4 Check They Haven't Exceeded Their Maximum Number of Guess -- 8.4.5 Notify the Player Whether Higher or Lower
• 13.9 Determining the Operation to Execute -- 13.10 Running the Calculator -- 13.11 Exercises -- 14 Introduction to Functional Programming -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 What Is Functional Programming? -- 14.3 Advantages to Functional Programming -- 14.4 Disadvantages of Functional Programming -- 14.5 Referential Transparency -- 14.6 Further Reading -- 15 Higher Order Functions -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Recap on Functions in Python -- 15.3 Functions as Objects -- 15.4 Higher Order Function Concepts -- 15.4.1 Higher Order Function Example -- 15.5 Python Higher Order Functions -- 15.5.1 Using Higher Order Functions -- 15.5.2 Functions Returning Functions -- 15.6 Online Resources -- 15.7 Exercises -- 16 Curried Functions -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Currying Concepts -- 16.3 Python and Curried Functions -- 16.4 Closures -- 16.5 Online Resources -- 16.6 Exercises -- 17 Introduction to Object Orientation -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Classes -- 17.3 What Are Classes for? -- 17.3.1 What Should a Class Do? -- 17.3.2 Class Terminology -- 17.4 How Is an OO System Constructed? -- 17.4.1 Where Do We Start? -- 17.4.2 Identifying the Objects -- 17.4.3 Identifying the Services or Methods -- 17.4.4 Refining the Objects -- 17.4.5 Bringing It All Together -- 17.5 Where Is the Structure in an OO Program? -- 17.6 Further Reading -- 18 Python Classes -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Class Definitions -- 18.3 Creating Examples of the Class Person -- 18.4 Be Careful with Assignment -- 18.5 Printing Out Objects -- 18.5.1 Accessing Object Attributes -- 18.5.2 Defining a Default String Representation -- 18.6 Providing a Class Comment -- 18.7 Adding a Birthday Method -- 18.8 Defining Instance Methods -- 18.9 Person Class Recap -- 18.10 The del Keyword -- 18.11 Automatic Memory Management -- 18.12 Intrinsic Attributes -- 18.13 Online Resources -- 18.14 Exercises