Perspectives on Global Development 2013 Industrial Policies in a Changing World

• Main Authors: Publishing, OECD, Centre, OECD Development
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Paris OECD Publishing 21.06.2013; Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
• Edition: 1
• Series: Perspectives on Global Development
• Subjects: Development; Digital techniques; Governance; Health; Landscape photography; Migration; Photography; Social Issues
• ISBN: 9789264177116; 9264177116
• ISSN: 2222-4467; 2222-4475
• DOI: 10.1787/persp_glob_dev-2013-en

First launched in 2010, Perspectives on Global Development (PGD) is OECD’s annual publication on emerging development issues. The PGD takes the new geography of economic growth, poverty and power as a point of departure. Each year, the report identifies, analyses and provides evidence and policy sol...

Table of Contents:

• Foreword Acronyms and abbreviations Editorial Executive summary Overview Shifting wealth and the new world economy Channels of shifting wealth The new productive landscape and the renewed interest of developing countries in industrial policy Emerging issues in implementing industrial policy in developing economies Upgrading skills for current and future needs Mobilising financial resources Bridging infrastructure gaps The political economy of industrial policies
• Figure 3.13. Trademark registrations in selected non-OECD economies 2004-10 -- A growing young population is an asset, but jobs and skills are major challenges -- Box 3.4. Promoting youth employment: A key challenge for African countries -- Developing economies are implementing industrial policies -- Box 3.5. Defining industrial policies: An operational approach -- Different factors explain the renewed interest in industrial policy -- Box 3.6. Recent initiatives in industrial policy in OECD countries -- Box 3.7. The future of manufacturing: An issue of rising interest in the United States -- Box 3.8. Strengthening domestic innovation capacities and fostering learning through FDI in China -- Countries are implementing industrial policies in a variety of ways -- Box 3.9. Learning from the experience of OECD and non-OECD economies in industrial policies -- Table 3.1. Recent initiatives in industrial policy, selected developing countries -- Table 3.2. Key features of industrial policies -- Box 3.10. Recent experiences in industrial policy: Brazil, South Africa and Morocco -- Figure 3.14. Industrial policy governance, Brazil's Plano Maior, 2012 -- Industrial policies face new common challenges -- Box 3.11. Multi-annual planning and industrial policy in the Korean catching up strategy -- Box 3.12. Addressing informality is a pending challenge for industrial policy: Insights from India -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4. Emerging issues in implementing industrial policy in developing economies -- Introduction -- Avoiding lock-in and capture -- Promoting upgrading and diversification -- Box 4.1. "Comparative advantages" and structural transformation: An open debate -- Fostering scientific and technological development and innovation -- Box 4.2. Promoting innovation in Brazil: Sectoral technology funds and the BNDES card
• How skills mismatches affect developing countries
• Figure 4.1. Budget for sectoral technology funds in Brazil, 1999-2011 -- Box 4.3. Using public procurement to promote industrial development: The experience of South Africa -- Activating learning through FDI -- Figure 4.2. Determinants for FDI, selected economies, 2003-12 -- Box 4.4. Attracting knowledge-intensive FDI: The experience of Costa Rica -- Encouraging entrepreneurship and start-ups -- Box 4.5. Promoting start-ups in Latin America: Recent trends -- Figure 4.3. Policy mix to support start-ups -- Supporting cluster development -- Box 4.6. Fostering supplier networks in the mining sector in Chile -- Empowering territories as agents of change -- Figure 4.4. Top 40 global fastest growing metropolitan areas, 2010-11 -- Box 4.7. Regions and international innovation networks: Variety in co-inventorship patterns -- Table 4.1. Variety in regional institutional frameworks, selected developing economies -- Seizing the potential of sustainable development -- Figure 4.5. Patents in environmental-related technologies, developing economies -- Table 4.2. Sustainable development initiatives, selected developing economies, 2012 -- Monitoring implementation and evaluating impact -- Box 4.8. Evaluating industrial policy: Methodological challenges and country experiences -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5. Upgrading skills for current and future needs -- Introduction -- Why investing in skills matters -- Box 5.1. Education and skills are not synonymous -- Figure 5.1. Education index and GDP per capita, 2010 -- Figure 5.2. Skills and economic growth: Transmission channels -- Box 5.2. Education and technology development -- Figure 5.3. Education and technology development -- Box 5.3. Industrial organisation and global value chains -- Figure 5.4. Global value chains and specialised professional skills
• Table 1.2. The global development impact: From initial entry to sustained growth effects -- Table 1.3. Spending by the global "middle classes", 2010-25 -- Is shifting wealth sustainable or has it just been a temporary phenomenon linked to the first decade of the 21st century? -- Figure 1.13. China's share of world GDP, 1980-2010 -- Figure 1.14. India's share of world GDP, 1980-2010 -- Figure 1.15. Chinese renminbi effective exchange rate index, 2000-12 -- Figure 1.16. Transition from middle-income to advanced-economy levels -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2. Channels of shifting wealth -- Introduction -- Through what channels does shifting wealth affect other developing countries? -- The opportunities and challenges differ by country characteristics -- Figure 2.1. Natural resource endowment in per capita terms and export dependence, 2005 -- Figure 2.2. Natural resource endowment as share of wealth and export dependence, 2005 -- Figure 2.3. Asian economies are increasingly integrated with China through supply chains -- Figure 2.4. Flows of intermediate goods and services between and within regions -- Figure 2.5. Hausmann's capability indicator ranking of selected countries, 2010 -- Figure 2.6. Trends in competitive positions measured by unit labour costs in the manufacturing sector -- Table 2.1. Classification of countries by pricing in third markets, 2010 -- Figure 2.7. Pricing by China and low and middle-income countries in the US market -- Figure 2.8. Shares of services exports in total exports and services value-added in GDP, 2009 -- Endowments and strategies shape how shifting wealth affects developing countries -- Figure 2.9. China's demand for commodities has been robust -- Figure 2.10. China commands over 30% share in world imports of several metals
• Figure 2.11. India's appetite for metal ores has been modest, but rapidly increasing -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3. The new productive landscape and the renewed interest of developing countries in industrial policy -- Introduction -- The productive landscape is changing rapidly -- China is changing the geography of production and innovation -- Figure 3.1. World top 20 manufacturers, 2010 -- Figure 3.2. Top 15 destinations of Chinese foreign direct investment outflows, 2003-12 -- Figure 3.3. Rising patenting in China, 1970-2011 -- Box 3.1. Secondary education in China: PISA results, 2009 -- Figure 3.4. PISA scores, China, 2009 -- Manufacturing is rising in developing economies -- Figure 3.5. Manufacturing, intensity and dynamism in developing economies, 2005-10 -- Box 3.2. Brazil strengthens its strategic partnership with Africa: The role of EMBRAPA -- Box 3.3. Emerging economies are increasing their participation in global innovation -- Figure 3.6. Scientific articles and co-authorship, 1998 and 2009 -- Figure 3.7. Country shares in total Patent Co-operation Treaty filings, 2000-11 -- Developing economies are still facing major competitive challenges -- Despite the changing landscape, developing economies are still specialised in low­knowledge content activities -- Figure 3.8. Manufacturing by technological intensity, selected countries, 2000-09 -- Figure 3.9. World top 20 services exporters, 2010 -- Figure 3.10. Specialisation in exports of knowledge-intensive services, selected countries, 2010 -- Innovation capabilities are on the rise, but the innovation gap with OECD economies persists -- Figure 3.11. R&amp -- D investment and private-sector commitment in selected countries, 2009 -- Figure 3.12. World top research and development investing companies, 2010
• Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Table of contents -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- Editorial -- Executive summary -- Overview -- Figure 0.1. Annual GDP growth rates by income group, 1985-2011 -- Figure 0.2. World top 20 manufacturers, 2010 -- Figure 0.3. R&amp -- D investment and private-sector commitment in selected countries, 2009 -- Figure 0.4. Firms identifying an inadequately skilled workforce as a major constraint, 2010 -- Figure 0.5. Credit to SMEs as a percentage of total credit, 2010 -- Chapter 1. Shifting wealth and the new world economy -- Introduction -- Shifting wealth encompasses a stock and a flow perspective -- Box 1.1. The "four-speed" world and the convergence process in the 2000s -- Figure 1.1. Convergence in the world economy: the four-speed world in the 1990s and in the 2000s -- Figure 1.2. Changes in net international investment positions between 2005 and 2010 -- Figure 1.3. Key components of emerging market external assets and liabilities, 1995-2010 -- Figure 1.4. Pleasant and unpleasant public debt dynamics, 2000-17 -- Figure 1.5. Annual GDP growth rates by income group, 1980-2010 -- Figure 1.6. Non-OECD contribution to global GDP growth, 1990-2011 -- Figure 1.7. Non-OECD share in world GDP, 1980-2011 -- Figure 1.8. Merchandise trade shares, 1970-2011 -- Figure 1.9. Sector trade shares -- Figure 1.10. Foreign direct investment inflows by region, 2000-11 -- Figure 1.11. The shifting distribution of global economic power, 1990-2011 -- Shifting wealth is changing in nature and represents an evolving opportunity -- Shifting wealth has fostered global development and has been globally an opportunity, rather than a risk -- Figure 1.12. Poverty rates for the developing world, 1981-2008 -- From shifting wealth I to shifting wealth II -- Table 1.1. The developing world's growing China linkage