Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of 89Zr-Miltuximab and Its Antibody Fragments as Glypican‑1 Targeting Immuno-PET Agents in Glioblastoma
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer, accounting for about 85% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. With standard treatment strategies like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival time of patients with GBM is only 12–15 months from d...
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Published in | Molecular pharmaceutics Vol. 20; no. 3; pp. 1549 - 1563 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
American Chemical Society
06.03.2023
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer, accounting for about 85% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. With standard treatment strategies like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival time of patients with GBM is only 12–15 months from diagnosis. The poor prognosis of GBM is due to a very high tumor recurrence rate following initial treatment, indicating a dire need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives for this disease. Antibody-based immunotheranostics holds great promise in treating GBM, combining the theranostic applications of radioisotopes and target-specificity of antibodies. In this study, we developed and validated antibody-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, glypican-1 (GPC-1), for noninvasive detection of disease using diagnostic molecular imaging. GPC-1 is overexpressed in multiple solid tumor types, including GBM, and is a promising biomarker for novel immunotheranostics. Here, we investigate zirconium-89 (89Zr)-conjugated Miltuximab (a clinical stage anti-GPC-1 monoclonal antibody developed by GlyTherix, Ltd.) and engineered fragments for their potential as immuno-PET tracers to detect GPC-1positive GBM tumors in preclinical models. We explore the effects of molecular size, avidity, and Fc-domain on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in vivo, by comparing in parallel the full-length antibody (Miltuximab), Fab′2, Fab, and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) formats. High radiolabeling efficiency (>95%) was demonstrated by all the formats and the stability post-radiolabeling was higher for larger constructs of Miltuximab and the Fab. Receptor-mediated internalization of all 89Zr-labeled formats was observed in a human GBM cell line in vitro, while full-length Miltuximab demonstrated the highest tumor retention (5.7 ± 0.94% ID/g, day-9 postinjection (p.i.)) and overall better tumor-to-background ratios than the smaller Fc-less formats. Results from in vivo PET image quantification and ex vivo scintillation counting were highly correlated. Altogether, 89Zr-DFO-Miltuximab appears to be an effective immuno-PET imaging agent for detecting GPC-1positive tumors such as GBM and the current results support utility of the Fc containing whole mAb format over smaller antibody fragments for this target. |
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AbstractList | Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer, accounting for about 85% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. With standard treatment strategies like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the median survival time of patients with GBM is only 12–15 months from diagnosis. The poor prognosis of GBM is due to a very high tumor recurrence rate following initial treatment, indicating a dire need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives for this disease. Antibody-based immunotheranostics holds great promise in treating GBM, combining the theranostic applications of radioisotopes and target-specificity of antibodies. In this study, we developed and validated antibody-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, glypican-1 (GPC-1), for noninvasive detection of disease using diagnostic molecular imaging. GPC-1 is overexpressed in multiple solid tumor types, including GBM, and is a promising biomarker for novel immunotheranostics. Here, we investigate zirconium-89 (89Zr)-conjugated Miltuximab (a clinical stage anti-GPC-1 monoclonal antibody developed by GlyTherix, Ltd.) and engineered fragments for their potential as immuno-PET tracers to detect GPC-1positive GBM tumors in preclinical models. We explore the effects of molecular size, avidity, and Fc-domain on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in vivo, by comparing in parallel the full-length antibody (Miltuximab), Fab′2, Fab, and single-chain variable fragment (scFv) formats. High radiolabeling efficiency (>95%) was demonstrated by all the formats and the stability post-radiolabeling was higher for larger constructs of Miltuximab and the Fab. Receptor-mediated internalization of all 89Zr-labeled formats was observed in a human GBM cell line in vitro, while full-length Miltuximab demonstrated the highest tumor retention (5.7 ± 0.94% ID/g, day-9 postinjection (p.i.)) and overall better tumor-to-background ratios than the smaller Fc-less formats. Results from in vivo PET image quantification and ex vivo scintillation counting were highly correlated. Altogether, 89Zr-DFO-Miltuximab appears to be an effective immuno-PET imaging agent for detecting GPC-1positive tumors such as GBM and the current results support utility of the Fc containing whole mAb format over smaller antibody fragments for this target. |
Author | Lu, Yanling Lund, Maria E. Houston, Zachary H. Walsh, Bradley J. Ghosh, Saikat Huda, Pie Campbell, Douglas H. Thurecht, Kristofer J. Howard, Christopher B. Fletcher, Nicholas L. |
AuthorAffiliation | The University of Queensland Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT) GlyTherix Ltd, Ground Floor |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) – name: GlyTherix Ltd, Ground Floor – name: ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT) – name: The University of Queensland |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Saikat orcidid: 0000-0003-0937-6242 surname: Ghosh fullname: Ghosh, Saikat organization: The University of Queensland – sequence: 2 givenname: Nicholas L. orcidid: 0000-0002-2993-833X surname: Fletcher fullname: Fletcher, Nicholas L. organization: The University of Queensland – sequence: 3 givenname: Pie surname: Huda fullname: Huda, Pie organization: The University of Queensland – sequence: 4 givenname: Zachary H. orcidid: 0000-0001-9738-4917 surname: Houston fullname: Houston, Zachary H. organization: The University of Queensland – sequence: 5 givenname: Christopher B. orcidid: 0000-0001-9797-8686 surname: Howard fullname: Howard, Christopher B. organization: The University of Queensland – sequence: 6 givenname: Maria E. surname: Lund fullname: Lund, Maria E. organization: GlyTherix Ltd, Ground Floor – sequence: 7 givenname: Yanling surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Yanling organization: GlyTherix Ltd, Ground Floor – sequence: 8 givenname: Douglas H. surname: Campbell fullname: Campbell, Douglas H. organization: GlyTherix Ltd, Ground Floor – sequence: 9 givenname: Bradley J. surname: Walsh fullname: Walsh, Bradley J. organization: GlyTherix Ltd, Ground Floor – sequence: 10 givenname: Kristofer J. orcidid: 0000-0002-4100-3131 surname: Thurecht fullname: Thurecht, Kristofer J. email: k.thurecht@uq.edu.au organization: The University of Queensland |
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Title | Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of 89Zr-Miltuximab and Its Antibody Fragments as Glypican‑1 Targeting Immuno-PET Agents in Glioblastoma |
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